Die offene Therapie des femoroazetabulären Impingements

Zusammenfassung: Operationsziel: Aufhebung eines femoroazetabulären Impingementkonflikts und Herstellung eines schmerzfreien, normalen Bewegungsumfangs. Indikationen: Femoroazetabuläres Impingement jeglicher Art (Cam/Pincer) und Lokalisation (anterior/posterior). Kontraindikationen: Absolut: Fortgeschrittene Koxarthrose, Infektionen im Bereich des Operationssitus. Relativ: Massive Retroversion des Azetabulums mit defizitärer Hinterwand. Operationstechnik: Chirurgische Hüftluxation: Seitenlage. Gerade laterale Inzision über dem Trochanter major und Eingehen in das Gibson-Intervall. Digastrische Trochanterosteotomie unter Schonung des tiefen Astes der Arteria circumflexa femoris medialis. Eröffnung des Intervalls zwischen Musculus piriformis und Musculus gluteus minimus. Z-förmige Kapsulotomie. Luxation des Femurkopfes. Ablösen des Labrums. Trimmen des azetabulären Überstands. Refixation des Labrums. Herstellung eines suffizienten femoralen Kopf-Hals-Übergangs. Kapselnaht. Refixation des Trochanters. Weiterbehandlung: Während der Hopitalisierung regelmäßige Behandlung auf der passiven Bewegungsschiene mit maximal 90° Flexion. Keine aktive Abduktion, keine passive Adduktion über die Mittellinie, kein Heben des gestreckten Beins, 10-15 kg Teilbelastung an zwei Unterarmgehstöcken während 6 Wochen. Anschließend erste klinische und radiologische Nachkontrolle und je nach Befund schrittweiser Übergang zur Vollbelastung. Thromboseprophylaxe bis zur Vollbelastung. Ergebnisse: Kurz- und mittelfristig fand sich eine Verbesserung des postoperativen klinischen Scores (Merle-d'Aubigné-Score) bei 95% aller Patienten, je nach vorbestehendem Arthrosegrad. Gute bis exzellente Ergebnisse wurden in 91% der Fälle erzielt. Die kumulative 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate betrug 91% (Endpunkt Hüfttotalprothese oder schwacher Merle-d'Aubigné-Score). Langzeitergebnisse stehen noch au

Die operative Behandlung der Azetabulum-T-Fraktur über eine chirurgische Hüftluxation oder einen Stoppa-Zugang

Zusammenfassung : Operationsziel : Anatomische Reposition und stabile Osteosynthese mit weichteilschonenden Zugängen. Indikationen : Dislozierte Azetabulum-T-Frakturen. Chirurgische Hüftluxation: Bei größerer Dislokation des hinteren Pfeilers im Vergleich zum vorderen Pfeiler, transtektalen Frakturen, zusätzlichen intraartikulären Fragmenten, Gelenkimpaktion. Stoppa-Zugang: Bei größerer Dislokation des vorderen Pfeilers im Vergleich zum hinteren Pfeiler. Bei schwieriger Reposition sind u.U. zwei Zugänge notwendig. Kontraindikationen : Alter der Frakturen > 15 Tage (dann eher klassischer ilio inguinaler oder erweiterter iliofemoraler Zugang). Stoppa-Zugang: Suprapubischer Blasenkatheter und abdominale Problematik, z.B. nach Laparotomie aufgrund viszeraler Verletzungen (dann eher klassischer ilioinguinaler Zugang). Operationstechnik : Chirurgische Hüftluxation: Seitenlage. Gerade laterale Inzision über Trochanter major und Spalten des Gibson-Intervalls. Digastrische Trochanterosteotomie unter Schonung der Arteria circumflexa femoris medialis. Eröffnung des Intervalls zwischen Musculus piriformis und Musculus gluteus minimus. Z-förmige Kapsulotomie. Luxation des Femurkopfes. Reposition des hinteren Pfeilers und Osteosynthese mit einer Rekonstruktionsplatte über dem dorsalen Pfeiler. Reposition des vorderen Pfeilers und Fixation mit Zugschraube in Richtung des oberen Schambeinasts. Stoppa-Zugang: Rückenlage. Pfannenstiel-Inzision, Längsspalten der Rektusscheide. Spalten des Musculus rectus abdominis. Stumpfe Eröffnung des Retzius-Raums. Ligatur einer allfälligen Corona mortis. Stumpfe Präparation der quadrilateralen Fläche und des vorderen Pfeilers. Reposition des vorderen Pfeilers und Fixation mit einer Rekonstruktionsplatte. Fixation des hinteren Pfeilers über Schrauben. Falls notwendig, zusätzliche Eröffnung des ersten Fensters des klassischen ilioinguinalen Zugangs. Weiterbehandlung : Während der Hospitalisation regelmäßige Behandlung auf der passiven Bewegungsschiene mit maximal 90° Flexion. Nach chirurgischer Hüftluxation keine aktive Abduktion, keine passive Adduktion über die Mittellinie mit Überkreuzen der Beine, kein Heben des gestreckten Beins. 10-15 kg Teilbelastung an zwei Unterarmgehstöcken während 8 Wochen. Anschließend erste klinische und radiologische Nachkontrolle und je nach Befund schrittweiser Übergang zur Vollbelastung. Thromboseprophylaxe bis zur Vollbelastung. Ergebnisse : 17 Patienten mit einem mittleren Nachuntersuchungszeitraum von 3,2 Jahren. Zehn Patienten wurden via chirurgische Hüftluxation, zwei über Stoppa-Zugang und fünf über einen kombinierten oder alternativen Zugang operiert. Anatomische Reposition gemäß Matta-Kriterien bei zehn der zwölf Patienten (83%) ohne primäre endoprothetische Versorgung. Mittlere Operationszeit 3,3 h für chirurgische Hüftluxation und 4,2 h für Stoppa-Zugang. Komplikationen umfassten eine verzögerte Trochanterheilung, heterotope Ossifikationen Grad II-III nach Brooker bei einem Patienten sowie einen sekundären Repositionsverlust. Es wurden keine Hüftkopfnekrosen beobachtet. Bei zwei Patienten musste im Verlauf trotz anatomischer Rekonstruktion des Gelenks aufgrund einer sekundären Koxarthrose eine Hüfttotalprothese implantiert werde

Second-generation uncemented stems: excellent 5-13-year results

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the 5-13-year results of a cementless total hip arthroplasty with a special focus on the survivorship, occurrence of osteolysis, incidence of intraoperative femoral fractures, thigh pain, and cortical hypertrophy of the femoral stem. The femoral component used in this study was titanium fluted, slotted, symmetrical component that was prepared with intraoperative machining. The proximal third of the stem had hydroxyl-apatite coating and horizontal steps. Methods: The clinical and radiographical results of a consecutive series of 157 total hip arthroplasties (124 patients) with this stem were investigated. Minimum follow-up was 5years. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 47years. Three patients died and ten patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 142 hips for evaluation. The clinical result was evaluated on the basis of the Merle d'Aubigné score, complications and thigh pain. A detailed radiographic analysis was performed at each follow-up visit. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed to evaluate stem, cup, and bearing survivorship. Results: The mean follow-up was 8.5years (range 5-13years). The average Merle d'Aubigné score improved from 10.5 points preoperatively to 17.4 points postoperatively. The cumulative 10-year survival rate was 99% for the femoral component, 99% for the acetabular component, and 69% for the bearing. Thigh pain was identified in three patients (2%). There was no distal femoral osteolysis. Seventy-nine percent of all the hips had endosteal spot welds around the coated, proximal one-third of the prosthesis. 51% had radiodense lines around the distal tip of the prosthesis, and 3% had cortical hypertrophy. One undersized stem and one cup were revised for aseptic loosening, and 25 bearings were exchanged. Conclusions: Uncemented, machined, fluted titanium canal-filling femoral components achieve reliable fixation in this young patient population. They have a decreased incidence of activity-related thigh pain, lower rate of intraoperative femur fractures and cortical hypertrophy with comparable bone-ingrowth in comparison to other second-generation uncemented femoral components described in literature. Bearing wear and the need for bearing exchange was the only limitation of these construct

Mean 20-year Followup of Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy

The goal of the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is to correct the deficient acetabular coverage in hips with developmental dysplasia to prevent secondary osteoarthrosis. We determined the 20-year survivorship of symptomatic patients treated with this procedure, determined the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the surviving hips, and identified factors predicting poor outcome. We retrospectively evaluated the first 63 patients (75 hips) who underwent periacetabular osteotomy at the institution where this technique was developed. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 29years (range, 13-56years), and preoperatively 24% presented with advanced grades of osteoarthritis. Four patients (five hips) were lost to followup and one patient (two hips) died. The remaining 58 patients (68 hips) were followed for a minimum of 19years (mean, 20.4years; range, 19-23years) and 41 hips (60%) were preserved at last followup. The overall mean Merle d'Aubigné and Postel score decreased in comparison to the 10-year value and was similar to the preoperative score. We observed no major changes in any of the radiographic parameters during the 20-year postoperative period except the osteoarthritis score. We identified six factors predicting poor outcome: age at surgery, preoperative Merle d'Aubigné and Postel score, positive anterior impingement test, limp, osteoarthrosis grade, and the postoperative extrusion index. Periacetabular osteotomy is an effective technique for treating symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip and can maintain the natural hip at least 19years in selected patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidenc

The Acetabular Wall Index for Assessing Anteroposterior Femoral Head Coverage in Symptomatic Patients

Background: Understanding acetabular pathomorphology is necessary to correctly treat patients with hip complaints. Existing radiographic parameters classify acetabular coverage as deficient, normal, or excessive but fail to quantify contributions of anterior and posterior wall coverage. A simple, reproducible, and valid measurement of anterior and posterior wall coverage in patients with hip pain would be a clinically useful tool. Questions/Purposes: We (1) introduce the anterior wall index (AWI) and posterior wall index (PWI), (2) report the intra- and interobserver reliability of these measurements, and (3) validate these measurements against an established computer model. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 87 hips (63 patients) with symptomatic hip disease. A validated computer model was used to determine total anterior and posterior acetabular coverage (TAC and TPC) on an AP pelvis radiograph. Two independent observers measured the AWI and PWI on each film, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength of linear dependence between our measurements and the computer model. Results: Intra- and interobserver ICCs were 0.94 and 0.99 for the AWI and 0.81 and 0.97 for the PWI. For validation against the computer model, Pearson r values were 0.837 (AWI versus TAC) and 0.895 (PWI versus TPC). Mean AWI and PWI were 0.28 and 0.81 for dysplastic hips, 0.41 and 0.91 for normal hips, 0.61 and 1.15 for hips with a deep acetabulum. Conclusions: Our data suggest these measures will be helpful in evaluating anterior and posterior coverage before and after surgery but need to be evaluated in asymptomatic individuals without hip abnormalities to establish normal ranges. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidenc

The Ischial Spine Sign: Does Pelvic Tilt and Rotation Matter?

Although the ischial spine sign (ISS) has been advocated to detect acetabular retroversion, it is unknown whether the sign is valid on anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs with tilted or rotated pelves. We therefore evaluated reliability of the ISS as a tool for diagnosing acetabular retroversion in the presence of considerable pelvic tilt and/or malrotation. We obtained radiographs of 20 cadaver pelves in 19 different malorientations resulting in 380 pelvis images (760 hips) for evaluation. In addition, 129 clinical radiographs of patients' hips that had varying pelvis orientations were reviewed. We found an overall sensitivity of 81% (90%), specificity of 70% (71%), positive predictive value of 77% (80.7%), and negative predictive value of 75% (85%) in the cadaver (patient) hips. Our data suggest the ISS is a valid tool for diagnosing acetabular retroversion on plain radiographs taken using a standardized technique regardless of the degree of pelvic tilt and rotatio

Joint-preserving Surgery Improves Pain, Range of Motion, and Abductor Strength After Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Background: Patients after Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) often develop pain, impaired ROM, abductor weakness, and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in early adulthood. Based on intraoperative observations during surgical hip dislocation, we established an algorithm for more detailed characterization of the underlying pathomorphologies with a proposed joint-preserving surgical treatment. Questions/purposes: We asked if patients after LCPD treated with our algorithm experienced (1) reduced pain; (2) improved hip function; and/or (3) prevention of OA progression; we then determined (4) the intraoperative damage patterns; (5) the survival of the hip; and (6) factors predicting the need for a conversion to THA; radiographic progression of OA; a Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score below 15 at last followup; and/or the need for revision surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients after LCPD who underwent joint-preserving surgery (40 surgical hip dislocations, eight acetabular osteotomies, four combined procedures, and one intertrochanteric osteotomy). We obtained Merle d'Aubigné-Postel scores to assess pain; OA was assessed using Tönnis grades. Survival and predictive factors were calculated with the univariate Cox regression. Fifty of the 53 patients were evaluated at a minimum of 5.1years (mean, 8.2years; range, 5.1-12.8years). Results: Pain and hip function improved at followup from a median of 4 points to 5 points. The mean increase in Tönnis grades at last followup was 0.3 to 0.8. The survival of surgery at 5years was 86%; 13 factors related to survival. Conclusion: Patients with symptoms resulting from pathomorphologic deformities after LCPD benefit from joint-preserving surgery with specific treatment of individual structural abnormalities. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidenc

Prevention of cement leakage into the hip joint by a standard cement plug during PFN-A cement augmentation: a technical note.

Medial penetration of the helical blade into the hip joint after fixation of trochanteric fractures using the proximal femur nail antirotation (PFN-A) is a potential failure mode. In low demand patients a blade exchange with cement augmentation may be an option if conversion to total hip arthroplasty is unfeasible to salvage the cut-through. This article describes a technique to avoid intraarticular cement leakage using a cement plug to close the defect in the femoral head caused by the cut-through

Minimum ten year results of total hip arthroplasty with the acetabular reinforcement ring in avascular osteonecrosis

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) still carries a higher failure rate in patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) than in a similar patient population with THA for other reasons. This is particularly true for the acetabular component. One of the major factors accounting for this is the compromised acetabular bone quality with structural defects subsequent to collapsing of the femoral head in high-grade AVN. In this study we implanted an acetabular reinforcement ring with hook (ARRH), which had been used successfully for other indications with acetabular bone stock deficiency, in 32 consecutive THA's in 29 patients with AVN. Five patients died during the observation period of causes unrelated to the surgery, one patient was lost to follow-up and one patient could not be followed up due to chronic illness, leaving 25 hips (23 patients) with a minimum follow-up of tenyears (mean: 11.8; range: 10-15). The mean Merle d'Aubigne score increased significantly from 7.7 preoperatively to 16.6 postoperatively (p < 0.001). One revision was performed for aseptic stem loosening. Of the unrevised hips, one acetabular component was classified as definitively loose. The cumulative 12-year survivorship for THA with ARRH in AVN was 95.2% (confidence interval: 86.1-100%) for both components, 100% for the cup and 95.2% for the stem (86.1-100%